US State Right to Repair — Electronics
No federal right-to-repair law — but eight states have one for electronics
- Colorado's Right to Repair Digital Electronic Equipment law (HB24-1121) took effect 1st January 2026, joining New York, California, Minnesota and Oregon.
- Washington followed on the same date, Connecticut on 1st July 2026 and Texas on 1st September 2026.
- There is still no federal right-to-repair statute for consumer electronics: a manufacturer selling nationally answers to eight separate state laws, each with its own scope, parts-availability window and parts-pairing rule.
Last updated 13th September 2026 · By Vas Parshin and Anabel Amar
The patchwork, state by state
| State | Law | In force | Key obligation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Colorado | HB24-1121 | 1st Jan 2026 | Parts pairing banned for equipment sold/first used after this date; covers phones, laptops, printers, appliances, servers, routers, e-bikes, sound systems |
| California | SB 244 | 1st Jul 2024 | Parts/tools/docs for products manufactured & first sold after 1st Jul 2021; 3-year support ($50-$99.99), 7-year support ($100+) |
| Minnesota | Digital Fair Repair Act | 1st Jul 2024 | Parts/tools/docs for products manufactured after 1st Jul 2021, available within 60 days of first sale |
| Oregon | SB 1596 | 1st Jan 2025 | First US state to ban parts pairing outright, for devices manufactured from 1st Jan 2025; civil penalties from 1st Jul 2027 |
| New York | Digital Fair Repair Act (GBL § 399-nn) | 28th Dec 2023 | Parts, tools and documentation given to authorized repairers must be offered to owners and independent shops, for products first sold on or after 1st Jul 2023 |
| Washington | HB 1483 | 1st Jan 2026 | Parts/tools/docs for digital electronics first sold in the state after 1st Jul 2021; restricts parts pairing |
| Connecticut | Public Act 25-44 | 1st Jul 2026 | Repair materials given to authorized repairers must be offered to owners and independent shops, for most home electronics and appliances manufactured after 1st Jul 2026 |
| Texas | HB 2963 | 1st Sep 2026 | Parts/tools/manuals for phones, laptops, tablets and other personal electronics; 3-year support ($50-$100), 7-year support (over $100); excludes consoles and home appliances |
Colorado's law is the broadest
HB24-1121 extended Colorado's earlier right-to-repair statutes — previously limited to agricultural equipment and powered wheelchairs — to a wide range of digital electronic equipment: phones, laptops, printers, home appliances, HVAC systems, servers, routers and other IT/enterprise equipment, e-bikes, music gear and sound systems. For equipment sold or first used in Colorado after 1st January 2026, manufacturers can't use parts pairing to block installation of replacement parts, reduce functionality or performance, or display misleading alerts about unidentified components. Manufacturers must provide the same tools, parts and documentation to consumers and independent repair shops that they give their own authorized network.
California and Minnesota have been live since mid-2024
California's SB 244 and Minnesota's Digital Fair Repair Act both took effect 1st July 2024 and both reach backward — California covers products manufactured and first sold after 1st July 2021, Minnesota covers products manufactured after the same date. California ties support duration to price: three years for products priced $50 to $99.99, seven years for anything $100 and over. Minnesota requires parts, tools and documentation to be made available within 60 days of a product's first sale, with no price tiering.
Oregon went further on parts pairing
Oregon's SB 1596, in effect since 1st January 2025, was the first US state law to ban parts pairing outright rather than just requiring parts availability — the practice of serializing a component to one specific device so software rejects a genuine, correctly-fitted replacement part unless it's been "paired" through the manufacturer. The ban applies to devices manufactured from 1st January 2025 onward; general coverage reaches back to phones sold since July 2021 and other electronics sold since July 2015. Civil penalties under the law apply from 1st July 2027.
Four more states: New York, Washington, Connecticut, Texas
New York's Digital Fair Repair Act has been enforceable since 28th December 2023 for products first sold on or after 1st July 2023, and is enforced by the state Attorney General. Washington's HB 1483 took effect 1st January 2026 for digital electronics first sold in the state after 1st July 2021, and joins Oregon and Colorado in restricting parts pairing. Connecticut's law, part of Public Act 25-44, took effect 1st July 2026 and covers most home electronics and appliances manufactured after that date, exempting video game consoles and alarm systems. Texas's HB 2963 took effect 1st September 2026 for phones, laptops, tablets and other personal electronics, with support for three years on devices from $50 to $100 and seven years above $100; it excludes video game consoles, home appliances and medical devices.
Questions
Is there a federal right-to-repair law for electronics in the US?
No. There is no federal right-to-repair statute covering consumer electronics as of September 2026. The obligations exist only at state level, and currently differ across eight states: New York, California, Minnesota, Oregon, Colorado, Washington, Connecticut and Texas — with more states considering their own bills.
When did Colorado's right-to-repair law for electronics take effect?
Colorado's Right to Repair Digital Electronic Equipment law (HB24-1121) took effect 1st January 2026, for equipment sold or first used in Colorado after that date. It bans parts pairing that blocks replacement parts, degrades functionality, or triggers misleading warnings, and covers phones, laptops, printers, appliances, servers, routers, e-bikes and more.
Are California and Minnesota's right-to-repair laws already in force?
Yes, both have been in force since 1st July 2024. California's SB 244 covers electronic and appliance products manufactured and first sold after 1st July 2021, with support windows of 3 years for products priced $50-$99.99 and 7 years for products $100 and over. Minnesota's Digital Fair Repair Act covers products manufactured after 1st July 2021 and requires parts, tools and documentation within 60 days of a product's first sale.
What does Oregon's law add that the others don't?
Oregon's SB 1596, in effect since 1st January 2025, was the first US state law to ban parts pairing outright for devices manufactured from 1st January 2025 onward -- not just requiring parts availability, but banning the practice of serializing a part to a specific unit so a genuine replacement is rejected by software. Civil penalties under the law apply from 1st July 2027.
Where we fit
The risk here is the same shape as the EU's fragmentation, just younger and still growing: which of the state laws actually apply to a given product line, whether an existing parts-pairing implementation needs to change for Colorado, Oregon and Washington specifically, and what documentation and support-window commitments already exist by default under California and Minnesota's reach-back provisions. We scope the gap state by state, and flag which additional states have bills in progress that would extend it further. For the federal half of the same US launch, see what changed in FCC equipment authorization in 2026.
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